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            <title xml:lang="en">Experimental deformation at high temperature and high pressure of partially cristallised magmas.</title>
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            <note type="commentary">Pr. Anne NEDELEC - Université de Toulouse Examinatrice&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Micha BYSTRICKY - ETH Zürich Rapporteur&lt;br /&gt;Pr. Michel FAURE - Université d'Orléans Examinateur&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Didier LAPORTE - CR CNRS Clermont-Ferrand Rapporteur&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Michel PICHAVANT - DR CNRS Orléans Directeur de thèse&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Bruno SCAILLET - CR CNRS Orléans Examinateur</note>
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                <term xml:lang="en">shape prefered orientation (SPO)</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">magmatic fabrics</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">experimental deformation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">experimental petrology</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">analogue modeling.</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">pétrologie expérimentale</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">modélisation analogique.</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">déformation expérimentale</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">fabrique magmatique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">orientation préférentielle de forme (OPF)</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">granite</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Magmas</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">modélisation analogique</term>
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              <p>The development of shape-preferred orientation in magmas is often attributed to crystal rotation under anisotropic stresses. This mechanism has been investigated on a theoretical and experimental point of view. Previous experimental studies, however, barely consider the crystallisation mechanism under differential stresses.&lt;br /&gt;Experiments performed at high pressure and high temperature (HP-HT) aimed at investigating this process, as well as crystal rotation. Such studies, however, require a device capable of magma deformation at HP-HT. This manuscript presents the tests of two devices specifically developed and the results of some runs performed in a Paterson Press. Most of the discussion is devoted to the experimental artefacts encountered and to the means to solve them.</p>
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              <p>Le développement des Orientations Préférentielles de Forme (OPF) dans les roches magmatiques est souvent considéré comme résultant de la rotation des cristaux sous l'effet de contraintes anisotropes. Ce mécanisme a été étudié tant du point de vue théorique qu'expérimental. Cependant, les travaux expérimentaux sur le sujet, notamment ceux analogiques ont rarement considéré la cristallisation sous l'effet de contraintes différentielles.&lt;br /&gt;Les travaux entrepris à haute température - haute pression (HT-HP) se proposaient d'étudier ce phénomène ainsi que la rotation des cristaux. Une telle étude nécessite de disposer d'un appareil de déformation des magmas fonctionnant à HT-HP. Ce mémoire présente les tests de deux appareils développés dans cette optique ainsi que ceux réalisés en presse Paterson. Une large place est également consacrée aux artefacts expérimentaux rencontrés et aux moyens mis en œuvre pour les résoudre.</p>
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