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            <title xml:lang="en">Physical controls on the phytoplankton biomass in the western tropical Pacific</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Contrôle de la dynamique de la biomasse phytoplanctonique dans le Pacifique tropical ouest</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Physical controls on the phytoplankton biomass in the western tropical Pacific</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">physica</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">controls on the phytoplankton</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">modélisation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">données in situ</term>
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              <p>The western tropical Pacific is a complex region where two ecosystems coexist, with very different physical and biological characteristics. In the western part, the fresh warm pool is an oligotrophic ecosystem limited by nitrate. In the eastern part, the cold tongue ecosystem with cold and salty waters, is more productive and limited by iron.&lt;br /&gt;We study the SeaWiFS chlorophyll concentrations as a proxy for the phytoplankton biomass. A statistical analysis (1997-2004) enables us to determine the main space and time scales of chlorophyll variability. We then study successively the seasonal cycle, a bloom linked to the 1997-98 El Niño (interannual variability) and the impact of westerly wind bursts on the intraseasonal scale.&lt;br /&gt;This thesis explores the relatively unknown biological variability in this region, which is at first order controlled by the winds and currents. It also stresses the importance of islands and coastal regions on the chlorophyll distribution and its variability.</p>
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              <p>Le Pacifique tropical ouest (120°E-160°W, 20°S-20°N) est une région complexe où coexistent deux écosystèmes aux frontières variables, et aux caractéristiques physiques et biologiques très différentes : la warm pool à l'ouest, écosystème oligotrophe limité par le nitrate, et la cold tongue à l'est, limitée par le fer. Nous utilisons les concentrations en chlorophylle SeaWiFS comme proxy pour la biomasse phytoplanctonique sur la période septembre 1997 à décembre 2004. Une analyse statistique nous permet de dégager les principaux modes spatiaux-temporels où se concentre la variabilité de la chlorophylle. Nous étudions ensuite successivement le cycle saisonnier, une manifestation de l'activité interannuelle et l'action des coups de vent d'ouest à l'échelle intrasaisonnière. Nous montrons ainsi que la variabilité des vents et des courants contrôle au premier ordre la biologie dans le Pacifique tropical ouest. Cette étude met également en lumière l'influence de la topographie sur la variabilité de la chlorophylle, bien au-delà des régions côtières.</p>
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