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            <title xml:lang="en">Approach of the particle dynamics in the wake of Kerguelen, using geochemical tracers: 230Th and 231Pa</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Approche de la dynamique des particules dans le sillage des Kerguelen, à l'aide des traceurs géochimiques : 230Th et 231Pa</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Approach of the particle dynamics in the wake of Kerguelen, using geochemical tracers: 230Th and 231Pa</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Approche de la dynamique des particules dans le sillage des Kerguelen, à l'aide des traceurs géochimiques : 230Th et 231Pa</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Southern Ocean</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">protactinium</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">KEOPS</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Océan Austral</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">traceurs isotopiques</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">particules</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">vitesses de chute/ KEOPS</term>
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              <p>During the Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study Project, particle dynamics (settling velocities, residence times) and dissolved/particle exchanges (boundary scavenging) were investigated to understand the mechanisms responsible for the natural iron fertilisation observed over the Kerguelen plateau. &lt;br /&gt;This work proposes to use two oceanic radionuclides 230Th and 231Pa - both decay products of Uranium and submitted to particle removal - as particle dynamic tracers. More than a hundred 230Th and 231Pa concentrations in dissolved and particulate phases were obtained, resulting in 10 characteristic and relevant oceanic profiles. &lt;br /&gt;The plateau, in spite of its high C export revealed low 230Th derived particle settling velocities (S= 500 m/y) whereas the off-plateau stations, considered as HNLC area, exhibit higher settling speeds (S= 800 m/y). This unexpected result raises a question on the relevance of 230Th reversible scavenging model applied. The influence of lateral advection on the plateau was highlighted by a "2D" reversible scavenging model which seems more appropriate to represent the coast-open ocean system.&lt;br /&gt;On the plateau, high 231Pa dissolved concentrations suggest the release of 231Pa in solution, likely linked to the re-mineralisation of opal rich aggregates (efficient Pa scavenger).&lt;br /&gt;On the eastern escarpment of the plateau, evidence of an intensive boundary scavenging has been shown in the deep waters by conspicuous depletions in both dissolved 230Th and 231Pa concentrations with a concomitant enrichment in the particles, due to the presence of nepheloid layers or re-suspension from the shelf or bottom opal rich sediment.</p>
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              <p>Lors du projet Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study (KEOPS), la dynamique des particules (vitesses de chute, temps de résidence) et les interactions entre dissous et particules (" boundary scavenging ") ont été étudiées afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes responsables de la fertilisation naturelle en fer observée sur le plateau des Kerguelen. &lt;br /&gt;Notre étude utilise deux radionucléides le 230Th et le 231Pa - tous deux produits de désintégration de l'uranium et très réactifs vis-à-vis des particules - comme traceurs de la dynamique des particules.&lt;br /&gt;L'étude des vitesses de chute des particules, estimées à partir des distributions de 230Th a montré que, paradoxalement à son fort export de C, le plateau avait des vitesses de chute des particules plus faibles (S= 500 m.an-1) que les stations du large dans les eaux HNLC (S=800 m.an-1). Ce résultat, assez surprenant, soulève une question quant à la limitation du modèle de scavenging 1D dans le cadre de l'étude de la dynamique des particules des systèmes côte-large et suggère l'utilisation d'un modèle 2D pour reproduire le scavenging de ces régions.&lt;br /&gt;Sur le plateau, les fortes concentrations de 231Pa dissous suggèrent que du 231Pa a été relâché lors de la dégradation bactérienne d'agrégats, riches en opale (phase pour laquelle le Pa a une forte affinité).&lt;br /&gt;Sur l'escarpement à l'Est du plateau, la diminution des concentrations de 230Th et de 231Pa dissous, concomitante à l'augmentation de leur concentration dans les particules, a montré un intense boundary scavenging le long de la pente du plateau, sous l'effet de couches néphéloïdes ou de re-suspension depuis les sédiments, riches en opale.</p>
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