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            <title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of nanofiltration for its introduction in production processes of organic acids</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Etude de la nanofiltration pour son intégration dans les procédés de production d'acides organiques</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of nanofiltration for its introduction in production processes of organic acids</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Lactic acid</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Hydration</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Salt and sugar retention</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Intrinsic retention</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">nanofiltration</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">acide lactique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">rétention intrinsèque</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">hydratation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Hofmeister</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">rétention de sels</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">sucres</term>
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              <p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of NF as a purification step in a production process of lactic acid. In a review of previously published articles, presented in the first part of this work, different potential integration levels were pointed out. Each of these levels was evaluated for a given membrane (Desal DK, Ge Water) and with solutions of increasing complexity containing in different proportions the solute of interest (sodium lactate / lactic acid) and a given impurity (glucose). The intrinsic retentions of each solute were determined in all cases. A decrease of sugar retention when in presence of a dissociated species (salt) is thus demonstrated. This effect, which depends both on the nature and the concentration of the involved salt, is more probably due to a decrease of the glucose apparent radius, coming from a "salting-out" effect. This decrease was quantified using different transport models.</p>
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              <p>L'objectif de ce travail a été d'évaluer la NF en tant qu'étape de purification au sein d'un procédé de production d'acide lactique. Une étude bibliographique a tout d'abord permis d'identifier différents niveaux potentiels d'intégration. Ceux-ci ont été évalués à partir d'une étude expérimentale réalisée pour une membrane donnée (Desal DK, Ge Water) avec des solutions de complexité croissante contenant en proportions variables l'espèce cible (acide lactique / lactate de sodium) et une impureté (glucose). Les rétentions intrinsèques de chaque soluté ont dans tous les cas été déterminées. Il est montré en particulier que la rétention du sucre diminue en présence d'une espèce dissociée (sel). Cet effet, dépendant à la fois de la nature et de la concentration du sel, provient vraisemblablement d'une diminution du rayon apparent du glucose dû au phénomène de "salting-out". L'ampleur de cette diminution a pu être quantifiée à partir de modèles de transport spécifiques.</p>
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