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            <title xml:lang="en">Boundaries and frontiers in Djibouti during colonial time (1884-1977)</title>
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                <authority type="supervisor">Colette Dubois(dubois@mmsh.univ-aix.fr)</authority>
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                <authority type="jury">Bertrand Hirsch</authority>
                <authority type="jury">Fabienne Le Houérou,</authority>
                <authority type="jury">Shiferaw Bekele (rapporteur)</authority>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Somalia</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Ethiopia</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Erythrea</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Horn of Africa</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">railway</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">ethnic group</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">administrative division</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">identity</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">frontier</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">boundary</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">nationality</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">ethnie</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Bab el-Mandeb</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">chemin de fer</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">port</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Afar</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Issa</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Dire Dawa</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Ethiopie</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Somalie</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Erythrée</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Corne de l'Afrique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">circonscription administrative</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">identité</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">nationalité</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">territoire</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">horogénèse</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">borne</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">limite</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">frontière</term>
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              <p>From the identification of some boundaries and frontiers of the djiboutian space (previously Côte française des Somalis, then Territoire français des Afars et des Issas), we study the colonial history of Djibouti under the aspect of the construction of territories.We study especially five boundaries that can be lay out on a map: the ethnical boundaries, the internal boundaries, the international ground boundaries, the railway and the maritime boundaries. We study how those boundaries have been discovered or invented in Djibouti, within the general making of the political spaces in the Horn of Africa during the 19th Century, then how they have been materialised.We analyse the evolutions - including eventual consolidation - of these boundaries up to the independence. Finally, we study their consequences and results, particularly coercition they exerce, directly or indirectly, on inhabitants.</p>
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              <p>A partir de l'identification de plusieurs frontières de l'espace djiboutien (auparavant Côte française des Somalis, puis Territoire français des Afars et des Issas), nous revisitons l'histoire coloniale de Djibouti sous l'angle de la fabrication des territoires. Nous étudions particulièrement cinq frontières que l'on peut tracer sur une carte : les limites ethniques, les limites internes, les frontières internationales terrestres, le corridor ferrovaire et les frontières maritimes. Nous étudions comment ces différentes frontières ont été découvertes ou inventées à Djibouti, dans le cadre général de la formation des espaces dans la Corne de l'Afrique au XIXe siècle, puis comment elles ont été réalisées. Nous analysons les évolutions - dont l'éventuelle consolidation - de ces frontières jusqu'à l'indépendance. Enfin nous en étudions les conséquences et répercussions, en particulier la coercition qu'elles exercent, directement ou indirectement, sur les habitants.</p>
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