? ???t???s?r ??s ?ét????s ??é????t?t??? ????r??t?? ?? s????t ?? ?ét????s ???s ??s? q?????s ?? ?????r ?? t??t ?? ??rt?? ??s ??r??ètr?s ?st ???éré? à ??rt?r ?? ????? ???ts ?? ?ré?ér????? ??? é????t?t??? ????r??t? ??r??t?t q?? ??s ?????rs ?r?s?s ??r ??s ??r??ètr?s ?ré?ér??t???s s??t ???ér??t?s ???? ?? sé???t?q?? ?ss? ,
???q?? ?r?tèr?? ??s ?r??é??r?s ?t???s??t ??s ??t?r? ??t???s ??t???s ??ssé???t ??s é?????t???s ??trê??s s?r ??rt???s ?r?tèr?s? P?r? ???ss?r ??s ??t?r??t???s ??t???s ???? ?? ???????r? é?????t??? ??ss???? s?r ?? ?r?tèr? ?t ?? ??r? s?r ??s ??tr?s? ?? ?st é?????t q?? ?? t????s tâ???s ?? ???????t ?rés??t??t ?? ?????t ??tr? ??t?r??t???s très é???é? ???st ??ss? ?? ??s ???s?r ??s ??t?r??t???s ??t???s q?? ???èr??t s?r ???? ?r?tèr?s ?? ???s ??? ??é????t?r ??s ????s? ???s ??s ??t?r??t???s ?? ??ssè???t ??s ??é??? ???t? ,
??r??? s??s ??r ???r? ?rés??té? ?t ??s??té? ?? ?????tr? ?? ????? ???????? ? ???é ?? rô?? ?????ér????t?t??r ??r??t ??s s?ss???s? ??rt????s ???r?s s?? ,
? s?é? ???é? s?r ?? ?r?tèr? ?? t???? s?rt? q?? ??s ???? ??t?r??t???s ?tt??? ,
??? q?? ??s ??t?r??t???s s??t ???sé?s ????rt?r ?? ????èr? é???? ?st ?é?à ??é ??r ????t?r??t??? ??t?èr????t s?é???é?? ????t?r??t?????????? ?? ???s? ?? s????s? ?? ?t???s??t ??tt? ?r??é??r? q???? ???st? ??? ?????r ?ré??s? ??t ,
?s q?? ?? ?é?????r s??t ??s??s???? à ?? ???ér???? x 1 ? y 1 ?? ?????s??s q?? ??s ???? ?r?tèr?s s??t à ??????s?r? ?t q?? X ?st ???????r q?? Y s?r ?? ?r?? ,
???t r?s???t??????t q??????r ???????t??? ?t s?????t??? ? ?? ???ér???? ??é?????t??? s?r ??s ???? ?r?tèr?s ? ?t? tr???t? s?r??? ? ?t ?? ???ér? ???s ??s ??????r?t???s ???ér??t?s ?????r ?? r?t??r? ?r?tèr? ? ???sté ?s? ?r?tèr? ? ???sté?? ?? ?st ????rt??t ?? ????r???r? ?t ?ré???r ??s ???ts ??? s?r?és ???sq?? ?ê?? ?? ?t???s??t ??? ???q?? ?r??é??r? ??? ?? r????????r ??s ?ré?ér????s? ?? ?st ????s???? q???? ?????? ???r? ????? ??s ??????r?t???s ???ér??t?s ?? ??tt? ?r??é??r? ??rs ?? ??é????t?t??? ?? ???? à ?? ?é??s???? ?? ?r????s??t ??s rés??t?ts ?? ???q??é ?????? s???? ?? ??r??t??? ?? ???q?? ??t?????? ??????s?? ??? ??r?? ?????? r???rq???t q????? ?s??étr?? s????? ???t??? ?st ???s ?réq?? ,
?t ? ?st ?é?r?t ?????st??????t? ???s ?? ???r? ????é à ?????? ?? ??é?r??? ??s é?????t???s s?r ??s ???? ?r?tèr?s s??t ???r???s? ????? ??? é??? ???t??? ?st ???r??? ???r ??????rt????t ?? ?é?r?t ???s ?? ???r? ?? ?r??t?? ?? ??rt??????t ???t r??s?????r ??é?????t??? ???q???t? ???r ??????rt????t ?? q?? ?st ?? ????r ???r ??s ??t?????s ????r? ?t ?? t???s ?? tr???t ???r ??s ??t?????s r?t??r? ,
????? ??té ??s ?ré?ér????s q???? ?st ??tér?ss??t ??ét????r ??r ???? r??tr? ?? ????t? ???s ?????é???r?? ?? ?? ?é??s???? ??tt? ??r??????té ?r??? s? s??r?? ????? ??rt ???s ???rr??r ???ér????t??? ????tt??t??? ?t ?? ??t???t??? ?? s???t ???t???t? ?t ????tr? ??rt ???s ?? ???t q?? ??s ?ré?ér????s s? ???str??s??t ?t ??????t é?????r ???s ??????t???s ?? s???t ???????t à ??s?r? q???? ???s??èr? ???ér??ts ?s???ts ?? ?? ?é??s????? ?? ???r??? à ???ré???r ??tt? ??r??????té s?r ??s ????é?s r?????????s ??rs ?? ??tr? ???ér????t?t??? s?r ??s ?????r??s??s ??r ???r?s? ?? ??s?r?? t??t ?????r? ?? ??r??????té ??s ,
?s????t? ????? q?? ???r??? à ??s?r?r ??s ?ré?ér????s ???t ?é??ss??r????t ???? à ??? ??r??????té ???t ?? s??r?? s? tr???? ???s ???rr??r ???ér????t??? ???s ??ss? ???s ??é??? ??t??? ??s ?ré?ér????s ?? s???t ???s ?? t???s? ??rt???s ???r????rs s???èr?? ,
?s q?? ??rs ?? ?r????r ???? ????? ??s ré???s?s Pré?ér???? str??t? ??s s???ts s??t ?t?? ??sé?s ,
?t à ??s ?s??ré?ér????s ??st???t?s? ??s ?ré?ér????s str??t?s s??t?????s ?? ?????r ?? ????t?r??t??? s?t?é? s?r, pp.34-46 ,
60) = 4.9? p = .004?? ??? ??r??t??? P ???s ?? ??r??t??? ?ré??t? ?st ???s ?réq???t? ???r ???? q?? ???r ???? ?F (1, 20) = 19 ,
??èt? ??s ??r??ètr?s ?ré?ér??? t???s? ??r??tt??t ?? t?r?r ??s ??????s???s ??rt?????s s?r ??s r???t???s ?? ?ré?é? r????s ??tr? ??s ??t?r??t???s? s??s ??r?? ?? r???t???s ?é??ss??r?s ?t ?? r???t???s ??ss????s??s ??s?r??t???s ??s ???s s???????t???s? ?????é?s ???s ????r?s ?t ??? ??????? s??t ??s s?????t?ss ?? ??s ???tr??r?? ???????st? r?????tr?r? ??s ??????tés à ??t?r?rét?r ??s ???????ts ???????ér???? à ?r???s ?? ???r?s ??????t?????s? ???s r??????????s ??s ?ét????s ??é????t?t??? ???s ??sq?????s ??? ré???s? ?????????r?????té ?st ??s???????? ??r ???? ??r??t ?????ré???r ?? ?????? ?? ?????t q?? ?? ?é?????r ?st ?rêt à rés???r?? ?? ?????tr? ?? ???s ?rés??t??s ??? ?????è?? ???ér????t?t??? q?? ??t ?? é??????? ?????????? ?? ?????t ???t??r?tèr? s?r ??s ré???s?s à ??s ??t?????s? ??s ??? ?????????? ?s??étr??s ??tr? ??t????? ????r ?t r?t??r ??rs ???? ?????t?????? ?é?à ??s?r?é?s ???s ?? ??ttér?t?r? ???????s?? ??? ??r?? ?????? ?t ???q??é ??????? s??t ???s?? ?ér???????t ???r??s ,
???? ???ss?t ?t ??? ??????? ???r? r??t é???????t ??r??ttr? ?? t?st?r ??s ????t?ès?s s?r ??s str?té???s ????t???s ??s ?é?????rs? ??r ,
?s ??r ???r? ??????r??s??s ?? t??? ????? ???s ?? ?r????r t???s? s?? séq?????s ?? ??t????? ??t ??r??s ??é????t?r ??s s?? ??t?r??t???s s? tr?????t ?? ???? ? ?t ?? P??r ??s séq?????s? ??s ?????r??s??s ???s????t é???????t ??t?r????r tr??s ??t?r??t???s ???????r?? t??t?s s?t?é?s ?? ???? ?? ??s??t?? s?? séq?????s s??? ??é???t??r?s ?? ??t????? ??r ?????r??s??s ??r ???r? ??t ??r??s ????t???r ??s s?? ??t?r??t???s r?st??t?s? s?t?é?s ?? ???? ? ?t ?? ??s s?? séq?????s ???s????t ??t?r????r ??s ??t?r??t???s ,
?? ré?ss?ss?? ?? ???t q?? ???s s???? ??s??????t s???èr? ?t q?? ???s ???s ?rêt??? ?? ???? ???????? ??t?r q?? ??s ????é?s ??????té?s s?r???t à ???r? ??s st?t?st?q??s ?t s??t t? ,
??r ???s ?????r???r ??s ?ré?ér????s? ??s ??ûts? ???r????t? ???????? ??t?r q?? ??s ????é?s ??????té?s s?r???t à ???r? ??s st?t?st?q??s ?t s??t t?t??? ,
?tr??r? é?????é ?? ??s ????? ?t r?q?ér??t ??s tr???ts ????s??ts? ????????????s q?? ???s ????? ???r? s??? ?t ????r ?? ????r s???? ?t ?? ?râ?? à ??tr? s????r? ????????té ?? st???? q?? s?é?è?? à ???? ??r?s ??ts ??r ???s? ???t ?? q?? ?? ???s ?? ????r? ???s ????r?? ?s ?? ,
?t ? s??t ?????rs ?é???ss??t ??é??????? ??tt? ???s??? ???s r??s????r?? s?r ??s t???s ?? tr? ??ts ?? ????t?s? ??s ??rr?s? ??????t ?? t???s q?? ???s ??r?? à ??r???r?r ???q????s ??? s??t????ts q?? s??t ?é?r?ts ???s ??s s?t??t???s s?????t?s ????st ??r? q?? t??t? ?? ???rr??? ??s ????r? à ré???s?r q?? ?? ???s ?????r ????t??r ?? t?? tr???t t??s ??s ,