H. Michael, «. Westbrook, . The, and . Car, Development and future of battery hybrid and fuel-cells cars, pp.65-88

. Dr and H. Ernest, Wakefield “The electric phoenix an illustrated history of electric cars, motors, controllers, and batteries” Vehicular Technology Conference, Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/VTC, pp.73-74, 1978.

M. Renaut and «. , Transport électrique routier Batteries pour véhicules électriques »Techniques de l’ingénieur Référence D5565 / Date de publication : 10 févr, pp.3-4, 2003.

B. Blunier and A. Miraoui, « Piles à combustible, Principes, modélisation, applications avec exercices et problèmes corrigés, 2007.

M. «. Renaut, Transport électrique routier Véhicules électriques à pile à combustible

H. Galous and R. Gallay«, Applications des Super-condensateurs » : Techniques de l’Ingénieur, référenceD3335/date de publication : 10 août, 2007.

M. Baïlo and C. Doctorat, «Supercondensateurs pour échange dynamique d'énergie a bord du véhicule électrique hybride» : Modélisation, 2007.

S. Jean, «. Mission, and . Véhicule, Perspectives concernant Le VÉHICULE « Grand public » d’ici 2030, rapport 28 septembre, 2008.

A. Djerdir, D. Bouquin, and H. Gualous, Alain berthon «Managing ultracapacitors energy to feed electric vehicles DC bus, EPE 2001.P26

D. Marc, Apport de l’électronique de puissance pour la traction électrique» technique d'ingénieur, pp.301-3278

A. Djerdir and K. Elkadri, Miraoui « Alimentation par biberonnage solaire photovoltaïque d’une chaîne de motorisation électrique, Revue des énergies renouvelables, pp.2-63, 2006.

A. D. Napoli, F. Crescimbini, S. Rodo, and L. Solero, Multiple input DC-DC power converter for fuel-cell powered hybrid vehicles, 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37289), pp.1685-1690, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/PSEC.2002.1023053

A. Kotsiopoulos, J. L. Duarte, and M. A. Hendrix, “A converter to interface ultracapacitor energy storage to a fuel cell system, IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Corsica, 2004.

M. Michon, J. L. Duarte, M. Hendrix, and M. G. Simoes, A three-port bi-directional converter for hybrid fuel cell systems, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551), pp.4736-4742, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/PESC.2004.1354836

Y. M. Chen, Y. C. Liu, and F. Y. Wu, Multi-input DC/DC converter based on the multiwinding transformer for renewable energy applications, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol.38, issue.4, pp.1096-1104, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/TIA.2002.800776

H. Tao, A. Kotsopoulos, J. L. Duarte, and M. A. , Hendrix “Multi-input bidirectional dcdc Converter combining DC-link and magnetic-coupling for fuel cell systems, Proc.IEEE IAS’05, pp.2021-2028, 2005.

G. J. Su and F. Z. Peng, A low cost, triple-voltage bus DC-DC converter for automotive applications, Twentieth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2005. APEC 2005., pp.1015-1021, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/APEC.2005.1453116

L. Solero, A. Lidozzi, and J. A. , Pomilio “Design of Multiple-Input Power Converter for Hybrid Vehicles”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol.20, issue.5, 2005.

Z. Li and O. Onar, and Alireza Khaligh “Design and Control of a Multiple Input DC/DC Converter for Battery/Ultra-capacitor Based Electric Vehicle Power System” Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2009.

A. Djerdir, H. Gualous, D. Bouquin, A. Berthon, and M. Y. , Ayad, 1.Rasoanarivo, S.Rael, B.Davat «Utilisation de supercondensateurs dans la motorisation de véhicule électrique à pile à combustible, 2000.

H. Matsuo, K. Kobayashi, Y. Sekine, M. Asano, and L. , Wenzhong, “Novel solar cell power supply system using the multiple-input DC–DC converter, Proc. INTELEC'98, pp.797-802, 1998.

H. Matsuo, T. Shigemizu, F. Kurokawa, and N. Watanabe, “Characteristics of the multiple-input DC–DC converter, Proc. IEEE PESC'93, pp.115-120, 1993.

S. M. Naylor, V. Pickert, and D. J. Atkinson, “Fuel Cell Drive Train Topologies -Computer Analysis of Potential Systems”, Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, The 3rd IET International Conference On Mars, pp.398-403, 2006.

M. Becherif, M. Y. Lille, and . France, Ayad “Advantages of variable DC bus voltage for Hybrid Electrical Vehicle”VPPC, 2010.

M. C. Caponet, F. Profumo, and . Tenconi, A, “Evaluation of power losses in power electronic converters for industrial applications: comparison among hard switching, ZVS and ZVS-ZCS converters” Power Conversion Conference Publication Date: 2-5, PCC Osaka, vol.3, pp.3-1073, 2002.

R. Santos, F. Pais, C. Ferreira, and H. Ribeiro, “Electric Vehicle -Design and Implementation Strategies for the Power Train”conference

F. Andrew, Burke “Batteries and Ultra-capacitors for Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles” Proceedings of the IEEE, 2007.

A. Djerdir, « Modélisation et simulation en vue de conception des chaînes de motorisations électriques pour le transport », rapport d’HDR, 2007.

H. P. Nee, L. Lefevre, P. Thelin, and J. Soulard, Determination of d and q reactances of permanent-magnet synchronous motors without measurements of the rotor position, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol.36, issue.5, pp.1330-1335, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/28.871281

A. Viorel, G. Henneberger, R. Blissenbach, and L. , Lowenstein, « Transvers flux machine : their behavior, design, control and applications, 2003.

K. T. Chau and C. C. Chan, Chunhua Liu “Overview of Permanent-Magnet Brushless Drives for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol.55, issue.6

W. Mi, «Extraction des paramètres et domaines et domaine de validité d’un composant de puissance, Thèse de doctorat de l’INSA de Lyon, pp.2-0041, 2002.

«. Helani, Contribution à la modélisation par graphe de liens du transistor MOS de puissance, Thèse de doctorat de l’INSA de Lyon, p.163, 1995.

B. François, “Formalismes de synthèse et de modélisation appliqué aux convertisseurs à structure matricielle”, 1996.

P. Nielsen, F. Blaabjerg, and J. Pedersen, New protection issues of a matrix converter: design considerations for adjustable-speed drives, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol.35, issue.5, pp.1150-1161, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/28.793377

S. M. Naylor, V. Pickert, and D. J. Atkinson, “Fuel Cell Drive Train Topologies -Computer Analysis of Potential Systems”, Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, The 3rd IET International Conference On Mars, pp.398-403, 2006.

L. Solero and A. Lidozzi, José Antoinor, Pomilio Lidozzi, “Design of Multiple-Input Power-Converter for Hybrid Vehicles”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol.20, issue.5, 2005.

D. Su-man, L. Parsa, and “. , Novel High Efficiency High Power Interleaved Coupled-Inductor Boost DC-DC Converter for Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle”, pp.9-12, 2007.

. Xie-jun, . Zhang-xing, . Zhang-chongwei, L. Wang-chengyue, and . Shengyong, “Design of Multiple-Input DC-DC Converter Control System For Fuel Cell Electrical vehicule”, ICEET '09, pp.16-18, 2009.

J. Anzicek and M. Thompson, DC-DC boost converter design for kettering university S gem fuel cell vehicle, Proceedings Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing Expo, 2005., pp.307-316, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/EEIC.2005.1566312

S. Liu and X. Zhang, Haibin Guo Jun Xie, “Multiple Input Bidirectional DC/DC Converter for Energy Supervision in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles”, ICECE, vol.2010, pp.3890-3893, 2010.

P. Krishna, M. Yalamanchili, and . Ferdowsi, “Review of Multiple Input DC-DC Converters for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles”, pp.160-163, 2005.

Z. Li, O. Onar, and A. Khaligh, Design and Control of a Multiple Input DC/DC Converter for Battery/Ultra-capacitor Based Electric Vehicle Power System, 2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp.591-596, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/APEC.2009.4802718

M. Yu, F. Yu, F. Gerasimov, Y. , F. Shchogolev et al., Low-temperature heat pipes with separate channels for vapor and liquid, Eng-Phys, J, vol.28, issue.6, pp.957-960, 1975.

I. Murakoa, F. M. Ramos, and V. Vlassov, Analysis of the operational characteristics and limits of a loop heat pipe with porous element in the condenser, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.44, issue.12, pp.2287-2297, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0017-9310(00)00259-3

C. Ramaswamy, Y. Joshi, W. Nakayama, and W. B. Johnson, Thermal Performance of a Compact Two-phase Thermosyphon: Response to Evaporator Confinement and Transient Loads, Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, vol.6, issue.2-4, pp.279-288, 1999.
DOI : 10.1615/JEnhHeatTransf.v6.i2-4.150

H. Michael, «. Westbrook, . The, and . Car, Development and future of battery hybrid and fuel-cells cars, pp 65.88. [1.2] Dr. Ernest H. Wakefield “The electric phoenix an illustrated history of electric cars, motors, controllers, and batteries” Vehicular Technology Conference, Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/VTC, pp.73-74, 1978.

M. «. Renaut, Transport électrique routier Véhicules électriques à pile à combustible

H. Galous and R. Gallay«, Applications des Super-condensateurs » : Techniques de l’Ingénieur, référenceD3335/date de publication : 10 août, 2007.

M. Baïlo and C. Doctorat, «Supercondensateurs pour échange dynamique d'énergie a bord du véhicule électrique hybride» : Modélisation, 2007.

S. Jean, «. Mission, and . Véhicule, Perspectives concernant Le VÉHICULE « Grand public » d’ici 2030, rapport 28 septembre, 2008.

A. Djerdir, D. Bouquin, and H. Gualous, Alain berthon «Managing ultracapacitors energy to feed electric vehicles DC bus, EPE 2001.P26

D. Marc, Apport de l’électronique de puissance pour la traction électrique» technique d'ingénieur, pp.301-3278

A. Djerdir and K. Elkadri, Miraoui « Alimentation par biberonnage solaire photovoltaïque d’une chaîne de motorisation électrique, Revue des énergies renouvelables, pp.2-63, 2006.

A. D. Napoli, F. Crescimbini, S. Rodo, and L. Solero, Multiple input DC-DC power converter for fuel-cell powered hybrid vehicles, 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37289), pp.1685-1690, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/PSEC.2002.1023053

A. Kotsiopoulos, J. L. Duarte, and M. A. Hendrix, A converter to interface ultra-capacitor energy storage to a fuel cell system, 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/ISIE.2004.1571920

M. Michon, J. L. Duarte, M. Hendrix, and M. G. Simoes, “A three-port bidirectional converter for hybrid fuel cell systems, Proc. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conf. (PESC’04), pp.4736-4742, 2004.

Y. M. Chen, Y. C. Liu, and F. Y. Wu, Multi-input DC/DC converter based on the multiwinding transformer for renewable energy applications, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol.38, issue.4, pp.1096-1104, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/TIA.2002.800776

H. Tao, A. Kotsopoulos, J. L. Duarte, and M. A. , Hendrix “Multi-input bidirectional dcdc Converter combining DC-link and magnetic-coupling for fuel cell systems, Proc.IEEE IAS’05, pp.2021-2028, 2005.

G. J. Su and F. Z. Peng, A low cost, triple-voltage bus DC-DC converter for automotive applications, Twentieth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2005. APEC 2005., pp.1015-1021, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/APEC.2005.1453116

L. Solero, A. Lidozzi, and J. A. , Pomilio “Design of Multiple-Input Power Converter for Hybrid Vehicles”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol.20, issue.5, 2005.

Z. Li and O. Onar, and Alireza Khaligh “Design and Control of a Multiple Input DC/DC Converter for Battery/Ultra-capacitor Based Electric Vehicle Power System” Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2009.

A. Djerdir, H. Gualous, D. Bouquin, A. Berthon, and M. Y. , Ayad, 1.Rasoanarivo, S.Rael, B.Davat «Utilisation de supercondensateurs dans la motorisation de véhicule électrique à pile à combustible, 2000.

H. Matsuo, K. Kobayashi, Y. Sekine, M. Asano, and L. , Wenzhong, “Novel solar cell power supply system using the multiple-input DC–DC converter, Proc. INTELEC'98, pp.797-802, 1998.

H. Matsuo, T. Shigemizu, F. Kurokawa, and N. Watanabe, “Characteristics of the multiple-input DC–DC converter, Proc. IEEE PESC'93, pp.115-120, 1993.

S. M. Naylor, V. Pickert, and D. J. Atkinson, “Fuel Cell Drive Train Topologies - Computer Analysis of Potential Systems”, Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, The 3rd IET International Conference On Mars, pp.398-403, 2006.

M. Becherif, M. Y. Lille, and . France, Ayad “Advantages of variable DC bus voltage for Hybrid Electrical Vehicle”VPPC, 2010.

M. C. Caponet, F. Profumo, and . Tenconi, A, “Evaluation of power losses in power electronic converters for industrial applications: comparison among hard switching, ZVS and ZVS-ZCS converters” Power Conversion Conference Publication Date: 2-5, PCC Osaka, vol.3, pp.3-1073, 2002.

R. Santos, F. Pais, C. Ferreira, and H. Ribeiro, “Electric Vehicle -Design and Implementation Strategies for the Power Train”conference

F. Andrew, Burke “Batteries and Ultra-capacitors for Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles” Proceedings of the IEEE, 2007.

A. Djerdir, « Modélisation et simulation en vue de conception des chaînes de motorisations électriques pour le transport », rapport d’HDR, 2007.

H. P. Nee, L. Lefevre, P. Thelin, and J. Soulard, Determination of d and q reactances of permanent-magnet synchronous motors without measurements of the rotor position, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol.36, issue.5, pp.1330-1335, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/28.871281

A. Viorel, G. Henneberger, R. Blissenbach, and L. , Lowenstein, « Transvers flux machine : their behavior, design, control and applications, 2003.

K. T. Chau and C. C. Chan, Chunhua Liu “Overview of Permanent-Magnet Brushless Drives for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol.55, issue.6

W. Mi, «Extraction des paramètres et domaines et domaine de validité d’un composant de puissance, Thèse de doctorat de l’INSA de Lyon, pp.2-0041, 2002.

«. Helani, Contribution à la modélisation par graphe de liens du transistor MOS de puissance, Thèse de doctorat de l’INSA de Lyon, p.163, 1995.

B. François, “Formalismes de synthèse et de modélisation appliqué aux convertisseurs à structure matricielle”, 1996.

P. Nielsen, F. Blaabjerg, and J. Pedersen, New protection issues of a matrix converter: design considerations for adjustable-speed drives, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol.35, issue.5, pp.1150-1161, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/28.793377

S. M. Naylor, V. Pickert, and D. J. Atkinson, “Fuel Cell Drive Train Topologies -Computer Analysis of Potential Systems”, Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, The 3rd IET International Conference On Mars, pp.398-403, 2006.

L. Solero and A. Lidozzi, José Antoinor, Pomilio Lidozzi, “Design of Multiple-Input Power-Converter for Hybrid Vehicles”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol.20, issue.5, 2005.

D. Su-man, L. Parsa, and “. , Novel High Efficiency High Power Interleaved Coupled-Inductor Boost DC-DC Converter for Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle”, pp.9-12, 2007.

. Xie-jun, . Zhang-xing, . Zhang-chongwei, L. Wang-chengyue, and . Shengyong, “Design of Multiple-Input DC-DC Converter Control System For Fuel Cell Electrical vehicule”, ICEET '09, pp.16-18, 2009.

J. Anzicek and M. Thompson, DC-DC boost converter design for kettering university S gem fuel cell vehicle, Proceedings Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing Expo, 2005., pp.307-316, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/EEIC.2005.1566312

S. Liu and X. Zhang, Haibin Guo Jun Xie, “Multiple Input Bidirectional DC/DC Converter for Energy Supervision in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles”, ICECE, vol.2010, pp.3890-3893, 2010.

P. Krishna, M. Yalamanchili, and . Ferdowsi, “Review of Multiple Input DC-DC Converters for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles”, pp.160-163, 2005.

Z. Li, O. Onar, and A. Khaligh, Design and Control of a Multiple Input DC/DC Converter for Battery/Ultra-capacitor Based Electric Vehicle Power System, 2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp.591-596, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/APEC.2009.4802718

M. Boudjedaimi and P. Wira, Djaffar Ould Abdeslam, Said Djennoune, Jean- Philippe Urban « Commande d'un onduleur avec des approches neuromimétiques pour la compensation des courants harmoniques dans les réseaux électriques, Inernational conference on Electrical engineering and its Applications (ICEEA’2008), pp.20-21, 2008.

F. «. Bruno, Formalisme de modélisation et de synthèse des commandes appliqué aux convertisseurs statiques a structure matricielle, Thèse doctorat, l’université des sciences et technologies de LILLE, 1996.

Z. Boulghasoul, A. Elbacha, E. Elwarraki, and D. , Yousfi « Combined Vector Control and Direct Torque Control An Experimental Review and Evaluation», IEEE ICMCS2011 BB

M. Yu, F. Yu, F. Gerasimov, Y. , F. Shchogolev et al., Low-temperature heat pipes with separate channels for vapor and liquid, Eng-Phys, J, vol.28, issue.6, pp.957-960, 1975.

I. Murakoa, F. M. Ramos, and V. Vlassov, Analysis of the operational characteristics and limits of a loop heat pipe with porous element in the condenser, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.44, issue.12
DOI : 10.1016/S0017-9310(00)00259-3

C. Ramaswamy, Y. Joshi, W. Nakayama, and W. B. Johnson, Thermal Performance of a Compact Two-phase Thermosyphon: Response to Evaporator Confinement and Transient Loads, Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, vol.6, issue.2-4, pp.279-288, 1999.
DOI : 10.1615/JEnhHeatTransf.v6.i2-4.150

A. Boucherit, S. Srairi, A. Djerdir, and A. , Miraoui, «Analytical and numerical modeling of demagnetization phenomenon in permanent magnet motor» ICEM04, 5-8 septembre, CRACOVIE-POLOGNE, 2004.

A. Boucherit, Y. M. Ayad, A. Djerdir, M. Cirrincione, M. Pucci et al., Vitale « Power Conditioning in Electrical Vehicles Fed by Fuel Cells and Supercapacitors with a Matrix Converter”, 12th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, pp.2-5, 2007.

]. A. Boucherit, A. Djerdir, and M. Cirrincione, “A new topology of variable output-voltage DC-DC converter», VPPC2011 Chivago USA

M. R. Mekideche, A. Djerdir, A. Boucherit, and A. , Miraoui “Modeling and Detection of Eccentricity and Demagnetization Faults in Brushless Permanent