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215 236 LISTE DES FIGURES Liste des tableaux 1.1 Co^ ut de d eveloppement et de maintenance de dii erents syst emes experts, suivant qu'ils mettent en uvre ou non des techniques d'apprentissage automatique (source : Muggleton92]) ,
8 1.3.1 Sp eciicit e du probl eme, p.13 ,
24 1.4.1 D eenition et caract erisation des biais, p.26 ,
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35 2.1.1 Introduction, p.39 ,
54 2.2.1 Approche de Michigan -Les syst emes de classeurs, p.55 ,
83 3.2.1 Raisons motivant l'optimisation 83 3.2.2 Architecture g en erale ,
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