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                <title xml:lang="fr">La dynamique d’un système fluvial et de ses zones humides en Afrique soudano-sahélienne au cours de l’Holocène.Approches géomorphologique et biogéographique. L'exemple du Yamé au Mali.</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Landscapes</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Neolithic</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Paleoenvironment</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">West Africa</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">Afrique de l'Ouest</term>
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              <p>This thesis proposes a long term evolution model of the fluvial system  in order to understand the role of the controlling factors (natural and/or anthropogenic) on the past fluvial dynamics. This research is focused on the study of the Yamé catchment, a right bank tributary of the Niger River (Pays Dogon, Mali). Two approaches were developed to answer the research questions: (1) a geomorphological approach to reconstitute the hydro-sedimentary dynamics of the valley and, (2) a biogeographical approach informing on the Holocene vegetation dynamics, by means of phytoliths analysis. This work allows a better understanding on the transformations of the fluvial system as a response to climatic crises. Finally, this research questions the environmental consequences of the economic, societal and technical transitions which marked the last centuries, such as the emergence of agro-pastoral activities and the metal industry or more recently the population growth. This work finally proposes to highlight new knowledge about the climatic and anthropogenic evolution of western Africa, and more globally on the human impact on the sudano-sahelian environments.</p>
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              <p>Cette thèse propose un modèle d’évolution sur le temps long d'un système fluvial afin d’interroger les variables de contrôle (naturelles et/ou anthropiques) ayant pu intervenir à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles. Elle s’appuie sur l’étude du bassin versant du Yamé, un affluent de rive droite du Niger (Pays Dogon, Mali). Deux approches ont été développées : (1) une approche géomorphologique qui permet de reconstituer les dynamiques hydro-sédimentaires de la vallée du Yamé et (2) une approche biogéographique qui, au travers de l’analyse des phytolithes contenus dans les dépôts, nous renseigne sur l’évolution de la végétation au cours de l’Holocène. Ce travail de thèse permet de mieux comprendre les transformations du système fluvial en réponse aux crises climatiques. Enfin, il questionne aussi les conséquences environnementales des transitions économiques, sociétales et techniques des derniers millénaires, telles que l’émergence de l'agriculture, de l’élevage, de la métallurgie et plus récemment l’accroissement de la population. Nous proposons ainsi d’apporter de nouvelles connaissances sur l’évolution climatique et anthropique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et plus généralement sur l’impact de l’anthropisation sur les systèmes fluviaux soudano-sahéliens.</p>
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