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            <title xml:lang="en">Count the trees. A history of southern forests in modern times</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Compter les arbres. Une histoire des forêts méridionales à l'époque moderne</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Count the trees. A history of southern forests in modern times</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Forests</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Water and Forests</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Great reformation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Eaux et Forêts</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Grande maîtrise de Toulouse</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Louis de Froidour</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Jean-Baptiste Colbert</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Colbert</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Grande Réformation</term>
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              <p>1661: during the establishment of the "Paper Monarchy" (i.e. administrative monarchy), when most judicial texts were rewritten and the Royal administration rationalized, Louis XIV and Colbert launched a general reformation of the forestland in the Kingdom. For more than two decades, commissioners were sent to each forestall district in order to reform them, thus providing a "snapshot" of the forestall life of the time. In the southern area of the Kingdom, the main actor of the reformation (1665-1673) was Louis de Froidour. Within a few years, he had travelled all around the great mastery of Toulouse and made over 1,000 forest maps and surveying reports. The religions and secular communities, nobles and landlords who owned plants or forestlands under a co-seigneury with the King, were forced to provide the reformation Court with the supporting documents of their claims. Once the reports were made, the files were archived, indexed and recopied to form a database. Thus marked and centralized, they stood as a domination tool the State used to act upon the Southern populations: it was the beginning of an age of a staked-out, mapped and known space. Studying the archives of the period allows the historicization of the tripartite relationship between the southern populations, the forestlands and public power. Far from matching the traditional image of a space devoid of any administration whatsoever, the archives studied revealed such structures were not new and offered an opportunity to understand how the management of the silva was reorganized.</p>
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              <p>1661 : dans le contexte d'établissement de la "monarchie de papier" qui voit l'essentiel des textes judiciaires refondés et l'administration royale rationalisée, Louis XIV et Colbert lancent la réformation générale des forêts du royaume. Pendant plus de deux décennies, des commissaires réformateurs sont envoyés dans chaque département forestier afin d'en faire la réforme, leurs archives fournissant ainsi un instantané de la vie forestière de la période. Dans la partie méridionale du royaume, le principal artisan de la réformation (1665-1673) se nomme Louis de Froidour. En quelques années, il parcourt l'intégralité de la grande maîtrise de Toulouse, réalisant plus d'un millier de plans forestiers, accompagnés de procès-verbaux d'arpentage. Les communautés ecclésiastiques et laïques, les nobles et particuliers qui possèdent des bois en coseigneurie avec le roi ou des installations industrielles, sont contraints de fournir les pièces justificatives de leurs prétentions devant le tribunal de la réformation. Une fois les procès achevés, les dossiers sont archivés, cotés, recopiés et forment une base de données. Marqués et centralisés, ils constituent un instrument de domination dont use l'État pour agir sur les populations méridionales: commence alors l'âge d'un espace borné, cartographié, connu. En étudier les archives permet d'historiciser la relation tripartite entre les populations méridionales, les forêts et la puissance publique. Loin de l'image couramment admise d'un espace dénué de toute administration, leur étude met en évidence l'ancienneté des structures et offre l'opportunité de suivre la réorganisation de la gestion des sylves.</p>
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