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            <title xml:lang="en">Identification of causal pathologic signature by multi-omic data integration</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Identification of causal pathologic signature by multi-omic data integration</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Identification de signature causale pathologie par intégration de données multi-omiques</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Omics data</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Causal signature</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Signature causale</term>
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              <p>Systematic erythematosus lupus is an example of a complex, heterogeneous and multifactorial disease. The identification of signature that can explain the cause of a disease remains an important challenge for the stratification of patients. Classic statistical analysis can hardly be applied when population of interest are heterogeneous and they do not highlight the cause. This thesis presents two methods that answer those issues. First, a transomic model is described in order to structure all the omic data, using semantic Web (RDF). Its supplying is based on a patient-centric approach. SPARQL query interrogates this model and allow the identification of expression Individually-Consistent Trait Loci (eICTLs). It a reasoning association between a SNP and a gene whose the presence of the SNP impact the variation of its gene expression. Those elements provide a reduction of omics data dimension and show a more informative contribution than genomic data. This first method are omics data-driven. Then, the second method is based on the existing regulation dependancies in biological networks. By combining the dynamic of biological system with the formal concept analysis, the generated stable states are automatically classified. This classification enables the enrichment of biological signature, which caracterised a phenotype. Moreover, new hybrid phenotype is identified.</p>
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              <p>Le lupus systémique erythémateux est un exemple de maladie complexe, hétérogène et multi-factorielle. L'identification de signature pouvant expliquer la cause d'une maladie est un enjeu important pour la stratification des patients. De plus, les analyses statistiques classiques s'appliquent difficilement quand les populations d'intérêt sont hétérogènes et ne permettent pas de mettre en évidence la cause. Cette thèse présente donc deux méthodes permettant de répondre à cette problématique. Tout d'abord, un modèle transomique est décrit pour structurer l'ensemble des données omiques en utilisant le Web sémantique (RDF). Son alimentation repose sur une analyse à l'échelle du patient. L'interrogation de ce modèle sous forme d'une requête SPARQL a permis l'identification d'expression Individually-Consistent Trait Loci (eICTLs). Il s'agit d'une association par raisonnement d'un couple SNP-gène pour lequel la présence d'un SNP influence la variation d'expression du gène. Ces éléments ont permis de réduire la dimensionalité des données omiques et présentent un apport plus informatif que les données de génomique. Cette première méthode se base uniquement sur l'utilisation des données omiques. Ensuite, la deuxième méthode repose sur la dépendance entre les régulations existante dans les réseaux biologiques. En combinant la dynamique des systèmes biologiques et l'analyse par concept formel, les états stables générés sont automatiquement classés. Cette classification a permis d'enrichir des signatures biologiques, caractéristique de phénotype. De plus, de nouveaux phénotypes hybrides ont été identifiés.</p>
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