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              <p>Les algorithmes sont de plus en plus utilisés pour prendre des décisions impactant les individus, les cohortes et la société dans son ensemble. Cette ubiquité soulève d’importantes préoccupations éthiques et sociales, notamment la protection de la vie privée et l’équité. Cette thèse étudie ces deux sujets techniques sous l’angle de leur utilisation pratique et de leurs exigences sociétales. Dans une première contribution, nous examinons le conflit entre la vie privée et la transparence lors de la publication de procédures judiciaires. Dans une deuxième contribution, nous proposons un framework pour organiser des compétitions d’attaque de mécanismes de protection de la vie privée afin de mieux établir leur comportement dans la pratique. Dans une troisième contribution, nous nous concentrons sur les limites des définitions techniques d’équité et utilisons une simulation ancrée dans la réalité comme moyen d’observer leur impact à long terme sur l’ensemble d’un système. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence les questions fondamentales soulevées par la technicisation des défis sociaux ainsi que de proposer des outils techniques et des analyses visant à ramener ces défis sociotechniques dans leur contexte social.</p>
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