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            <title xml:lang="en">Politicize the environment, cloud the state : the making of a protest territory in Bure (France)</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Politicize the environment, cloud the state : the making of a protest territory in Bure (France)</title>
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                <authority type="jury">Stéphanie Dechézelles [Rapporteur]</authority>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Autonomous activists</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Law enforcement</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">ZAD</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Collective action</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Militants autonomes</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Maintien de l'ordre</term>
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              <p>The thesis seeks to enlight the unsurge of protest groups (the “autonomous” activists) and repertoires of collective actions (the ZADs) in the field of socio-environmental conflicts, through the study of the case of the anti-nuclear mobilization in Bure (Eastern France). Based on two-year ethnography, the thesis aims to grasp the daily making of a disputed territory, driven by a radical critique of the political order. The challenge is to show how this politicization of the environment enables unusual coalitions with the more legitimate actors of political protest - activists from environmental associations. The specific characteristics of autonomous militancy (informality, illegibility, illegality, direct action), as well as the mixing that takes place with the more traditional repertoires of mobilization, put to the test the governmental project that is the landfill of radioactive waste in Bure. Law enforcement officials - political, police and judicial authorities - then work to adapt their strategies, categories of analysis and security measures, in order to restore control and legibility in the disputed territory. By studying these measures from bottom-up, the thesis enlights on a local variation of contemporary evolutions in law enforcement. Thus, we are aiming to describe the dynamical co-production relationship between, on the one hand, a specific form of militancy, and on the other hand, the enterprise of political, judicial and police-enforced construct of an inner ennemy within a said “democratic-liberal” state.</p>
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              <p>A travers l’étude du cas de la mobilisation anti-nucléaire de Bure (Est de la France), la thèse s’efforce d’éclairer l’irruption de groupes protestataires (les militants « autonomes ») et de répertoires d’actions collectives (les ZAD) dans le champ des conflits socio-environnementaux. Au moyen d’une enquête ethnographique de deux ans, il s’agit de saisir la fabrication quotidienne d’un territoire contestataire, orientée par une critique radicale de l’ordre politique. L’enjeu est de montrer comment cette politisation de l’environnement rend possible des alliances improbables avec les acteurs plus légitimes de la contestation politique que sont les militants des associations écologistes. Les caractéristiques propres du militantisme autonome (informalité, opacité, illégalité, action directe), ainsi que ces hybridations qui s’opèrent avec les répertoires plus classiques de mobilisation, mettent à l’épreuve ce projet de gouvernement qu’est le centre d’enfouissement de déchets radioactifs à Bure. Les agents de l’ordre – autorités politiques, policières et judiciaires – travaillent alors à adapter leurs stratégies, leurs catégories d’analyse et leurs dispositifs sécuritaires, afin de restaurer un contrôle et une lisibilité sur le territoire disputé. En étudiant in situ ces dispositifs, la thèse éclaire une déclinaison locale des évolutions contemporaines du maintien de l’ordre. Il s’agit donc de caractériser la relation de co-production dynamique entre une forme de militantisme d’un côté et, de l’autre coté, l’entreprise de construction politique, policière et judiciaire d’un ennemi intérieur au sein d’un régime dit libéral-démocratique.</p>
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