This thesis deals with the French urban land use planning framework (previously called POS and now PLU) efficiency. Besides it identifies factors prompting a municipality which did not have a POS in 1999, to draw up a POS (PLU). Finally it evaluates their effects on land and real estate prices adjusting for the selection bias through Heckman (1979) and Heckman and Navaro-Lozano's (2004) technics. Our logit analysis of the determining factors prompting the adoption of a POS emphasizes the decisive role played by the fiscal and public finance management issues. Results obtained on the Dijon urban area for the 1994-2002 period corroborate the hypothesis that POS distribution is endogenous to the prices of the building land market. Selection bias between POS and prices of individual housing appears less significant. On the contrary, the spatial frequency of POS appears to be independent of the agricultural land market. Otherwise, our results show that for municipalities having a POS, the marginal effect of the POS on the land and real estate prices is positive, whereas it is negative on the agricultural land market.