More than forty years after the birth of the still new media video games and twenty years after the prophecies of the death of books, this thesis studies the interactions between literary culture and video game culture. How do video games establish themselves in the media field ? How literature adapts itself to the new ecosystem ? This research aims to think video games through the lens of literature but also to look back at literature in the light of video games. It uses the concepts of several scientific fields, in particular cultural studies, intermediality, literary studies, game studies. The understanding of media cultures is based on the analysis of mirrored intermedial representations. The main work is based on the close-reading of 13 novels and 7 video games franchises, but this corpus was created by experimenting with distant reading. The observation of the variety aesthetic phenomenon allows to make conjectures about the relations between literature and video games. It reveals three logics : autonomy, divergence and contact. First, examining genres and stereotypes allows to notice that the interactions between the gaming culture and the literary one are not the most frequent scenario. Then, this thesis continues to challenge the idea of convergence culture by showing that each media culture has its own identity and most of the exchanges between them lead to a further differentiation. Finally, transmedia networks and hybridations are seen as points of contacts which can be conflictual. A project of research-creation aims to put into practice the theoretical conclusions and experiments on the possibility to hybrid literature and video game to participate in the emergence of a new media, Visual Novels