This thesis seeks to understand changes in vehicle user behaviour, anticipate technological breakthroughs and define the best possible public policies to support sustainable mobility by integrating them into a discrete choice model, with the aim to develop integrated and coherent scenarios for the diffusion of different technologies for passenger vehicles in France at an aggregated level. Our analysis is divided into three parts. The first chapter uses a discrete choice experiment to analyze user's preferences for new vehicle technologies. The second chapter uses experimental economics methods, also called "lab experiment", in order to seek subjects preferences for different public policies promoting sustainable mobility such as taxes or regulations on car purchases. The third chapter uses the economical and behavioral insights from the first chapter and applies them into the "DRIVERS" model, which seeks to give projections on the future French fleet composition according to different public policy scenarios. The "DRIVERS" model up to now, only relies on total cost of ownership factors and economical data to make projections about fleet size and fleet composition.Building on the empirical insights from these three chapters, the thesis concludes with a set of policy recommendations. Policy actions should encompass conditions that actively promote clean vehicles, including substantial investment in charging infrastructure, targeted subsidies for electric and alternative vehicle technologies, and comprehensive public awareness campaigns. These strategies are vital for extending the appeal of EVs beyond early adopters and enthusiasts, ensuring that they become an attractive option for a broader segment of the population. This is particularly important in regions outside of urban areas, where accessibility and acceptance of electric vehicles may be more challenging. By fostering these conditions, policymakers can facilitate a smoother transition to cleaner transportation, aligning with environmental goals and making electric vehicles a viable choice for an increasingly diverse range of consumers. It also advocates for context-aware policy implementations. To effectively reduce the number of ICE vehicles in the fleet and consequently decrease air pollution, a combination of price incentives and targeted restrictions on ICE vehicles will be essential. These restrictions may take various forms, including outright vehicle bans in certain areas, the implementation of tolls specifically for ICE vehicles, or the creation of low emission zones that limit or exclude their access. By making ICE vehicles less attractive or practical in certain contexts, these restrictions can accelerate the transition to cleaner transportation alternatives. Coupled with incentives that make these cleaner options more financially appealing, these strategies can form a comprehensive approach to reducing the environmental impact of transportation and promoting a more sustainable future.The order and choice of implementation of the policies must depend on the cultural considerations of the area where they are implemented, and for the case of taxes, may require a policy trial in order to improve acceptability. Together, these recommendations aim to accelerate the shift towards environmentally friendly vehicle alternatives, in order to reach the emission reduction goals.In summary, this thesis aims to unravel the complex web of factors shaping the transition towards a low-carbon transport sector in France. Through a multifaceted exploration encompassing consumer behavior, policy acceptability, and modeling improvements, it seeks to provide a more nuanced understanding of this transition. The insights gained from this study should serve as valuable inputs for policymakers as they navigate towards the goal of sustainable mobility.