This Habilitation thesis outlines my research activities carried out as an Associate Professor at Univ. Paris-Sud and Inria Saclay Île-de-France. During this period, from 2003 to early 2012, my work was - and still is - at the interface between Knowledge Representation and Databases. I have mainly focused on ontology-based data management using the Semantic Web data models promoted by W3C: the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and the Web Ontology Language (OWL). In particular, my work has covered (i) the design, (ii) the optimization, and (iii) the decentralization of ontology-based data management techniques in these data models. This thesis briefly reports on the results obtained along these lines of research.